Ka Palaho Radioactive a me nā Hana Mālama

Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kūpaʻa o kahi nucleus ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​nalu, e hopena ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka palaho radioactive a me ka hana ʻana o ka radiation ionizing. ʻO nā ʻāpana Alpha, nā ʻāpana beta, nā kukuna gamma, a me nā neutrons kekahi o nā ʻano i ʻike pinepine ʻia. Pili ka palaho Alpha i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ʻāpana kaumaha, i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e nā nuclei palaho e loaʻa ai ke kūpaʻa nui aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau ʻāpana ke komo i loko o ka ʻili a ua pale pinepine ʻia e kahi ʻāpana pepa hoʻokahi.

Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​nalu a ka nucleus e hoʻokuʻu ai e lilo i paʻa, aia nā ʻano palaho radioactive like ʻole e alakaʻi ana i ka radiation ionizing. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ka alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays a me neutrons.

Kukui ʻāpala

I ka wā o ka radiation alpha, hoʻopuka nā nuclei e palaho ana i nā ʻāpana kaumaha a hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻokō ai i ke kūpaʻa nui aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau ʻāpana ke hele ma waena o ka ʻili e hōʻeha a hiki ke ālai pinepine ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi pepa wale nō.

Eia nō naʻe, inā komo nā mea hoʻopuka alpha i ke kino ma o ka hanu ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana, a i ʻole ka inu ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia pololei i nā ʻiʻo o loko, e hōʻeha paha i ke olakino. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi mea e palaho ana ma o nā ʻāpana alpha ʻo Americium-241, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea ʻike uahi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ka hoʻolaha Beta

I ka wā o ka radiation beta, hoʻopuka nā nuclei i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (nā electrons), ʻoi aku ka komo ʻana ma mua o nā ʻāpana alpha a loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hele ma kahi o 1-2 kenimika o ka wai, e pili ana i ko lākou pae ikehu. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi pepa alumini lahilahi e ana ana i kekahi mau millimeters ka mānoanoa ke pale pono i ka radiation beta.

Nā kukuna gamma

ʻO nā kukuna Gamma, me nā ʻano hoʻohana like ʻole e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanesa, no loko o ka māhele o ka radiation electromagnetic, e like me nā kukuna X. ʻOiai hiki i kekahi mau kukuna gamma ke hele i loko o ke kino kanaka me ka ʻole o nā hopena, hiki ke komo ʻia kekahi a hiki ke hōʻeha. Hiki i nā paia sima mānoanoa a i ʻole nā ​​paia kēpau ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia e pili ana me nā kukuna gamma ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ko lākou ikaika, ʻo ia ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia ai nā lumi lapaʻau ma nā haukapila i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā maʻi kanesa me ia mau paia paʻa.

Nā Neutron

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā neutrons, ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana kaumaha a me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka nucleus, ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me nā reactors nukelea a i ʻole nā ​​hopena nukelea i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā ʻāpana ikehu kiʻekiʻe i nā kukuna accelerator. Hana kēia mau neutrons ma ke ʻano he kumu kaulana o ka radiation ionizing ʻaoʻao ʻole.

Nā Ala e Kūʻē ai i ka Hōʻike ʻana o ka Radiation

ʻEkolu o nā kumumanaʻo maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hahai ai no ka palekana ʻana i ka radiation: Manawa, Maʻa, Pale Kaua.

Manawa

Hoʻonui ka nui o ka radiation i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e kahi limahana radiation e pili pono ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kokoke ʻana i ke kumu radiation. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu e hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka radiation. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ke kahua radiation e alakaʻi i ka nui o ka radiation i loaʻa. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma kekahi kahua radiation e hoʻemi ana i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka radiation.

Ka mamao

ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ke kanaka a me ke kumu radiation he ala kūpono ia e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka radiation. I ka ulu ʻana o ka mamao mai ke kumu radiation, emi nui ka pae o ka radiation. ʻO ka palena ʻana i ka kokoke i ke kumu radiation he mea kūpono loa ia no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka radiation i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana radiography kelepona a me ka fluoroscopy. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kānāwai inverse square, kahi e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka mamao a me ka ikaika o ka radiation. Ke hōʻoia nei kēia kānāwai ʻo ka ikaika o ka radiation ma kahi mamao i kuhikuhi ʻia mai kahi kumu kiko e pili ana i ka square o ka mamao.

Pale ʻana

Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka mamao loa a me ka manawa liʻiliʻi ke hōʻoia i kahi mahele radiation haʻahaʻa kūpono, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka pale pale kūpono e hoʻēmi pono i ke kukuna radiation. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻēmi i ka radiation ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pale, a ʻo kāna hoʻokō ʻana e lawelawe ia e hōʻemi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea maʻi a me ka lehulehu.

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